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Lexington and Concord 

Its Literary and 
Historic Shrines 



Price 50 Cents 



Published Exclusively for 

The Colonial Gray Line Sight-Seeing Tours 
Boston, Mass. 

Jackson & Prentiss, Inc., Printers 

Lynn, Mass. 

1921 



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A PILGRIMAGE 



Lexington and Concord 



OUR Historic Pilgrimage to Lexington and Concord 
begins at Park Square, near the identical spot 
from which the British troops embarked in boats, 
rowed across the Charles river to the Cambridge side, 
and started on their expedition to Lexington and Con- 
cord, on the 18th of April, in the year 1775. 

On the right is the Boston Public Garden, a tract 
of land comprising 241/4 acres, set aside by an act of 
the Legislature in 1859. It has been kept under a 
perfect state of cultivation and is a wonderful example 
of horticultural development. In the centre of the 
garden is an artificial pond and spanning the pond is 
the famous "Bridge of Size." 

In the garden are many pieces of statuary. On 
the right is the statue of Wendell Phillips, the great 
abolitionist, designed by French. Next on the right is 
that of Col. Thomas Cass, the work of Richard Brooks, 
Col. Cass commanded the Ninth Massachusetts In- 
fantry, and fell at Malvern Hill, Va., in 1862. The 



next statue is that of Charles Sumner, the famous Civil 
War Senator. This statue was designed by Thomas 
Ball in 1878. 

Ahead on the right is the Arlington Street Uni- 
tarian Church, the first church to be erected in this 
part of the city (1860-1861). The steeple was the 
first in the city to be constructed entirely of stone. In 
the tower is a fine set of 16 bells, played by electrial 
power. The church was presided over for many years 
by Rev. William Ellery Channing, the celebrated Uni- 
tarian divine. 

We are now on Boylston street, which was named 
in honor of Dr. Zabdiel Boylston, the eminent physi- 
cian, who first introduced inoculation as a preventative 
for smallpox. This street was originally called "Frog 
Lane." Today it is the fashionable shoping district of 
the city. 

On the left hand corner is the Berkeley building, 
known as the daylight building, on account of the 
numerous windows. 

The first of the next three buildings on the right 
is occupied by the Boston Society of Natural History, 
and here will be found mounted specimens of animals 
and birds. Next is the building occupied by the. 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology as their school 
of architecture, and the next building (which also was 
formerly occupied by Technology) is now occupied 
by Boston University School of Business Administra- 
tion. This university is fast becoming one of the lead- 
ing colleges of the east. 

We now enter Copley square, which was named 
in honor of John Singleton Copley, the famous artist, 



many of whose paintings, especially those of early 
presidents, will be found in the Boston Museum of 
Fine Arts. 

On the left is Trinity church, the crowning glory 
of ecclesiastical architecture in New England. It is 
the masterpiece of H. H.Richardson, the famous archi- 
tect, and was completed in 1877. With a massive 
tower 211 feet in height, the church is of the French 
Romanesque style of architecture. The interior dec- 
orations are said to be unsurpassed by those of any 
other church in America. This church was presided 
over for 20 years by the famous and beloved 
preacher, Bishop Phillips Brock?. Beside the 
church is the statue of Bishop FLillips Brooks, by 
the late Augustus St. Gaudens, and the canopy was 
designed by Charles McKim, senior partner of the firm 
of McKim, Mead & White. Both are posthumous 
works, but the designs were practically completed 
before the deaths of thu sculptor and the architect. 
The memorial was unveiled on Jan. 22, 1910. 

To the left of the church is the Hotel Westminster, 
the only hotel in the city maintaining a roof garden 
during the summer months. When the hotel was 
erected it was built six feet higher than the building 
laws permitted. The top story was removed, and 
you will notice that the windows are on a level with 
the roof. 

On the right the Irving Casson building stands on 
the site of the old Second church of Boston, in which 
Ralph Waldo Emerson preached for three years. The 
new edifice is now located corner of Beacon street and 
Audubon road. 



On the far right hand corner is the Old South 
church, the present home of the society which formerly 
occupied "Ye Old South Meeting House" on Washing- 
ton street. This is the leading Congregational church 
of New England. The edifice is one of the finest speci- 
mens of the North Italian Gothic style. Its grand 
tower is 248 feet high and constructed mainly of the 
'ocal Roxbury stone. The church was opened in the 
year 1875. This is the third church of Boston. 

On the left is the Copley Plaza hotel, one of the 
leading hotels of the city, and it stands on the site of 
the old Boston Art Museum. 

Facing the square on the right is the Boston Public 
Library, built of Milford granite and erected at a cost 
of about $2,500,000 (including the cost of the site). 
It was completed in the year 1895. It is one of the 
largest free circulating libraries in the United States, 
and has about 1,000,000 volumes and 11 special 
library collections. Besides the central library, it 
maintains 30 branch libraries in various parts of the 
city. In the building will be found the famous 
paintings of the "Holy Grail," by the late Edwin 
Abbey; also the freize of the Prophets, by John Sar- 
gent, mural decorations by Puvis de Chavannes, and 
the "Triumph of Time," by John Elliott. The two 
statues in front of the building represent "Science" 
and "Art," by the late Bela Pratt. The building was 
designed by McKim, Mead & White, of New York 
city. The late Stanford White was a member of the 
firm. 

We are now on Huntington avenue, passing on 
the left Hotel Oxford and on the right Copley Square 
Hotel. 




INTERIOR OF LIBRARY 



Looking down Exeter street, on the right, will be 
seen the club house of the Boston Athletic Association. 
In front of that building, on April 19 every year, is the 
iinish of the great Marathon race from Ashland, Mass., 
to Boston, a distance of 25 miles. 

Across the street is Hotel Lenox, and on the right 
are the tracks and freight yards of the Boston & 
Albany Railroad, one of the New York Central lines. 

On the right is Mechanics' building, often called 
the Madison Square Garden of Boston. This is the 
exposition building of Boston. Here are held the 
automobile shows and all the leading sporting events. 
It is controlled by the Massachusetts Charitable Asso- 
ciation, and Paul Revere was its first president in the 
year 1806. In the archway above the door will be 
seen a bust of Paul Revere. 

On the left will be seen the club house for the 
boys who served in the World War with the 26th 
division, better known as the "Yankee Division." 

Next on the right is the Christian Science church, 
better known as the First Church of Christ, Scientist, 
The small church at the extreme right is the original 
mother church, completed in December, 1894, and 
v/as formerly presided over by the late Mary Baker G. 
Eddy, the founder of Christian Science. The building 
in the centre is the addition, erected at a cost of 
$2,000,000, and is of Italian Renaissance style of 
architecture. It has a vast auditorium, with a seating 
capacity of over 5000. It was opened in June, 1906. 
The top of the dome stands three feet higher than 
Bunker Hill monument, being 224 feet above the side- 
walk. The church has a beautiful set of Chinese 

8 



chimes. The building on the left is the publishing 
house, where they publish the works of Mrs. Mary 
Baker Eddy and the Christian Science Monitor, 
a daily newspaper. The land on the right was pur- 
chased a few years ago and made into a beautiful 




CHRISTIAN SCIENCE CHURCH 

sunken garden, so that the view of the church from 
Huntington avenue would not be obstructed. 

On the next right hand corner is Horticultural 
hall, where the flower and fruit shows are held. 

We now cross Massachusetts avenue, which 



extends from Edward Everett square, Dorchester, to 
Concord, Mass., a distance of about 22 miles. This 
avenue is sometimes called the Road to Knowledge, 
because it leads directly to Harvard university. 

On the right is Symphony hall, the home of the 
famous Boston Symphony Orchestra, one of the lead- 
ing musical organizations in the United States. The 
building has a seating capacity of about 2600. 

The gray stone and brick building on the left is 
ihe New England Conservatory of Music, founded in 
1870, by Dr. Eben Tourjee, who, in 1853, introduced 
into America the conservatory system of musical in- 
struction. Today this is the leading music school of 
America. In the building is a large auditorium 
named Jordan Hall, in honor of the late Eben D. Jor- 
dan, who was a great lover of music. He presented 
this institution with a beautiful pipe organ which is 
one of the largest in America. The enrollment of the 
conservatory is about 3000. 

The next building on the right is the oldest Y. 
M. C. A. in America, founded in 1851. The corner- 
stone of the present building was laid by President 
Taft in 1911. It was constructed at a cost of about 
$1,500,000, including the value of the land, and was 
completed in 1913. 

On the right is the Boston Opera House, the home 
of grand opera in Boston, opened to the public in 1908, 
under the management of Henry Russell. 

The open lot on the left was formerly the Ameri- 
can League ball grounds. The new ball park is now 
located in the Fenway. 

10 



On the left hand corner ahead are Tufts Medical 
and Dental Schools. The main buildings of Tufts 
college are at Medford, Mass. 

On your right, the white marble building is the 
Forsyth Dental Infirmary, the first dental infirmary 
of its kind in the world, erected by Thomas Alexander 
Forsyth and John Hamilton Forsyth in memory of their 
brothers, James Bennett Forsyth and George Henry 
Forsyth. Children of Greater Boston up to the age of 
16 years are accepted for treatment in dentistry, nose, 
throat and oral surgery from any private family finan- 
cially unable to secure the services of private prac- 
tioners. 

On the right is the Museum of Fine Arts, founded 
in 1870. This building was opened in 1909, at a cost 
of about $1,500,000. It has the second finest collec- 
tion of painting and statuary in America, exceeded 
only by the Metropolitan Museum in New York city. 
In the front of the building is Cyrus E. Dallin's sym- 
bolic bronze statue, "The Appeal to the Great 
Spirit." 

On the left is the Wentworth Institute, founded in 
1904, by the will of the late Arioch Wentworth, "for 
the purpose of furnishing education in mechanical 
arts." It is the only industrial institution of its kind 
in the United States designed to train young men in 
the skilled arts. 

We now enter the Fenway, a part of the park 
system of Boston. It consists of about 120 acres of 
land, ponds, streams and driveways, laid out in the 
most artistic manner. 



11 



Mrs. Jack Gardner's Venetian Palace, on the left, 
contains a rich collection of works of art hardly ex- 
celled by that in any private home in America. The 
museum is open to the public one week a year. 

On the left, Simmons College, established by the 




GARDNER MUSEUM OF ART 

will of John Simmons, a Boston merchant, to furnish 
instruction in such branches of art, science and indus- 
try as will best enable women to earn an independent 
livelihood. 

The group of buildings down the avenue, to the 



12 



left, is the Harvard Medical school, founded in 1782. 
These buildings were erected in 1906, at a cost of 
about $3,000,000. It is the oest equipped medical 
school in the country. 

On your left the building with the dome is the 
Children's Hospital, erected in 1914. 

The building now on our immediate left is the 
Notre Dame academy, a Catholic institution for the 
education of young ladies. The course of instruction 
is equivalent to that of the high schools and academies 
of the city. 

We now enter the town of Brookline, with a popu- 
lation of about 38,000. It is the wealthiest town in 
the world. 

Entering Kent street, the third house on the left 
was the former home of the late B. F. Keith, who 
organized the Keith circuit throughout the United 
States, and was the owner of Keith's Theatre, Boston. 

We pass through Brookline and over the Charles 
river by way of the Cottage Farm bridge, and 
enter the city of Cambridge, known as the University 
City. Cambridge was founded Dec. 28, 1630. It was 
then called "New Towne," and was incorporated 
under that name in 1633. In 1638 the name was 
changed from New Towne to Cambridge. The popu- 
lation is about 116,000. 

"Know old Cambridge? Hope you do. 
Born there? Don't say so! I was, too. 
The nicest place that ever was seen, 
Colleges red and common green; 
Sidewalks brownish with trees between." 

— Oliver Wendell Holmes. 



13 



To your right, in the distance, is a beautiful view 
of Beacon Hill, crowned with the golden dome of the 
State Capitol. Near by is the Custom House tower, 
498 feet high, the tallest landmark in New Eng- 
land. The bridge in the distance is the Harvard. It 
spans the widest point of the Charles. At that point 
the river is about one-half a mile wide. Here the Har- 
vard crews practice for their races. 

We are now on the Cambridge parkway. Across 
the river is the "Youth's Companion" building, where 
they publish the popular boys' weekly story paper. 

On the left is the State Armory for Mounted 
Troops, erected in 1915, at a cost of about $1,000,000. 

Next is Brave's Field, opened in 1915, the home 
of the Boston National League ball team. It is 
the only ball field in the United States in which street 
cars enter the grounds. It has a seating capacity of 
about 47,000, and it was there that the world's series 
were played in 1915. 

To your right is the Riverside Press, under the 
management of Houghton, Mifflin Co. Here they pub- 
lished the works of Longfellow, Holmes, Lowell, Whit- 
tier, Hawthorne, Emerson and others. 

The concrete structure beyond the river, to the 
left, is the Harvard Stadium, built in the form of a 
horseshoe and having a seating capacity of 26,000. 
When Yale plays football here a temporary stand is 
erected at the unfinished end, and the seating capacity 
is increased to about 45,000. The track contests are 
held here, also class day exercises. The cost of the 
Stadium was $350,000. 

14 



The bridge spanning the river at this point is the 
Larz Anderson bridge, presented by the Brookline 
millionaire. 

On the left is the Weld Boat Club for the junior 
class of Harvard. 

Two buildings on the left, as we turn, are the 
freshman dormitories of Harvard, Gore and Standish 
Halls. 

In a few moments we will pass the buildings and 
grounds of Harvard University, the oldest and most 
influential college in America, founded in 1636. It 
was named in honor of John Harvard, the young min- 
ister, who died a year later, 1637, and he left to the 
infant university his entire library of some 260 vol- 
umes and half of his estate, which consisted in all of 
about £500. The college today has an enrollment of 
about 5000 students and a working capital of over 
$30,000,000. 

The gate on the left was presented by the class 
of 1880. It is called the Roosevelt gate, as Col. Roose- 
velt was a member of that class. 

On the right is Beck Hall, an aristocratic dor- 
mitory. The next building is the Harvard Union, a 
social club, which any student who attends Harvard 
may join. 

The Colonial house on the left is the home of Prof. 
George Palmer, head of the philosophy department. 
His wife, the late Alice Freeman Palmer, was at one 
time president of Wellesley College. 

Through the opening on the left is the Widener 
Memorial Library, built of brick and sandstone, in the 
Georgian style of architecture, at a cost of $2,000,000, 

15 



and dedicated June 24, 1915. It was presented to the 
university by Mrs. George D. Widener, of Philadelphia, 
as a memorial to her son, Harry Elkins Widener, who 
was lost at sea on the steamship Titanic, April 14, 1912. 
The brick residence on the left is the home of 
Abbot Lawrence Lowell, president of Harvard Uni- 
versity. The next building is Emerson Hall, the school 
of philosophy, named in honor of Ralph Waldo Emer- 
son. The building facing you is Sever Hall, the 
largest recitation room. On the corner is Robinson 
Hall, the school of architecture. 

Memorial Hall, on the right, was erected to com- 
memorate the Harvard students who fell during the 
Civil War. In one end of the building is Sanders 
Theatre, in which the commencement exercises are 
held. In the other end is a large dining hall, where 
over 1400 students dine at one time. Above the main 
door may be seen the finest stained glass window in 
America, designed by Sarah Whitman, of Philadel- 
phia, and it is called the rose and violet window. 

The John Harvard statue, on the right, was de- 
signed by Daniel Chester French, and was the gift of 
Samuel J. Bridge. 

On the left is the William Hayes Fogg Art Mu- 
seum, erected in 1895, the gift of Mrs. Elizabeth Fogg. 

In the yard is Appleton Chapel, erected in 1858, 
the gift of Samuel Appleton. 

Thayer Hall, on the left, is a dormitory given to 
the college in 1870 by Nathaniel Thayer. 

The gate on the left was presented by the late 
George von L. Meyer, former Secretary of the Navy. 

16 



To the right is the School of Business Administra- 
tion. 

The next building is Hemenway Gymnasium, 
given by Augustus Hemenway in 1878. 

The Phillips Brooks house, on the left, is the centre 
of the religious life of the university. 




MEMORIAL HALL, HARVARD UNIVERSITY 

To the right is Austin Hall, one of the law school 
buildings. The Harvard Law School has not only a 
national but an international reputation, and it has 
been described by an eminent jurist as superior to any 
other school of the kind in the world. 



17 



Half down the walk, on the right, is a tablet which 
marks the site of the birthplace of Oliver Wendell 
Holmes. 

To the left is Stoughton Hall, a dormitory, re- 
modelled in 1805. 

Next is Holden Chapel, the gift of Madame Hol- 
den, of London, and once the college chapel, now used 
for lectures. 

Just beyond the chapel is Hollis Hall, also a dor- 
mitory, which dates back to 1763, and was the gift of 
Thomas Hollis, of London. 

On the left is the Johnston gate, and on either 
side of the gate are Harvard and Massachusetts Halls. 
These buildings were used during the Revolutionary 
period for barracks. Massachusetts Hall is the oldest 
of the college buildings, erected in 1720. 

We are now at Harvard square. In the early days 
it was the camping ground of the Continental army. 

The statue on the right is that of Charles Sumner, 
the famous abolitionist. It was designed by the late 
Anne Whitney. 

The cemetery is called the old "New Towne" 
burial ground, and was referred to by Longfellow as 
God's Acre." In this cemetery are the graves of eight 
Harvard presidents. 

On the corner is the old mile stone, showing the 
distance to Boston to be eight miles in 1734. 

The common on the right was the first training 
field of the Revolution. The three cannon at the base 
of the Civil War monument were captured at Fort 
Ticonderoga by Col. Ethan Allen, and were used in 
the evacuation of Boston, at Dorchester Heights, by 
Gen. Washington. 



18 




WASHINGTON ELM, CAMBRIDGE 



19 



Opposite the common, on the left, is Christ church, 
the oldest in Cambridge, built in 1760, and occupied by 
the Continental troops in 1775. The organ pipes in 
this church were melted into bullets and used by the 
Continental troops. In this church George and Mar- 
tha Washington worshipped, Dec. 31, 1775. 

The tree surrounded by the iron fence, in the 
centre of the roadway, is the "Washington Elm," under 
which George Washington first took command of the 
American army, July 3, 1775. 

Radcliffe College, on the left, is for the higher edu- 
cation of young ladies. Though a distinctly separate 
institution from Harvard University, it is very closely 
associated with it. The president is LeBaron Russell 
Briggs. 

The street on the left leads to Brattle street, in 
the early days called "Tory Row." It is the most 
aristocratic street in Cambridge. On the left is the 
former home of the late John Fiske, America's great 
historian; on the right Cambridge Episcopal Theo- 
logical Seminary and St. John's Chapel. The trees 
beside the chapel, on the right, were referred to by 
Longfellow in a poem, "As the trees that shade thy 
western windows, oh chapel of St. John." 

The second Colonial mansion on the right is the 
"Craigie House." For 40 years it was the home of 
the poet Longfellow, and here he wrote most of his 
works. Today it is occupied by his daughter, Miss 
Alice Longfellow. It was erected in 1759 by Col. 
John Vassal, a Tory, who fled at the beginning of the 
Revolution. The house was taken over by Washing- 
ton and made his headquarters during a part of his 

20 



stay in Cambridge. It was purchased by Andrew 
Craigie in 1793. It was used as a boarding house by 
Mrs. Craigie, who had as her guests many distin- 
guished men, among whom were Longfellow, Worces- 
ter of dictionary fame, Jared Sparks and others. The 
lower right hand room was the study of Mr. Long- 




iis| 1.1 !:::( ls| 





LONGFELLOW HOUSE, CAMBRIDGE 

fellow, and here he wrote most of his poems. The 
house is opened to the public Saturday afternoons, 
from 2 to 4. 

The first of the next two houses on the right was 
the home of another of the poet's daughters, Edith, 
who married Richard Henry Dana, Jr., son of the 



21 



famous author who wrote "Two Years Before the 
Mast." Mrs. Dana passed away a few years ago. 
The adjoining estate is the home of Allegra Longfel- 
low, now the wife of Mr. Henry Thorpe, a banker. 
These daughters were referred to by Longfellow in 
his poem , "The Children's Hour" — "grave Alice, 
laughing Allegra and Edith with golden hair." 

At the junction of Elmwood avenue and Mt. 
Auburn street is "Elmwood," the birthplace and 
home of James Russell Lowell. The house was built 
in 1767 and occupied by Lieutenant Governor Oliver, 
Councillor to the Crown, and later by Elbridge Gerry, 
who was Vice President of the United States in 1812. 
Here the poet Lowell wrote nearly all his poems 
and his famous works, "The Bigelow Papers." 

Just beyond the Lowell Memorial park is Mt. Au- 
burn cemetery, where rest the remains of many per- 
sons distinguished in Literature, Science, Art and Re- 
ligion. Among the names inscribed upon the monu- 
ments are those of Longfellow, Holmes, Lowell, Rufus 
Choate, Edwin Booth, Phillips Brooks, William Ellery 
Channing, John Fiske, Margaret Fuller, Charlotte 
Cushman and Mary Baker G. Eddy, the founder of the 
Christian Science church. 

The statue on the common, to the right, is that of 
Col. John Bridge, the founder of the first Cambridge 
public school. 

Passing through Porter square, on the left, is the 
site of the old Porter Tavern, where the famous Por- 
terhouse steak originated. 

The tablet against the fence, on the left, marks 

22 



the spot where four American citizens were killed by 
the retreating British, April 19, 1775. 

We now pass through North Cambridge and cross 
Alewife brook and enter Arlington, which in olden 
times was known as Menotomy. This town contrib- 
uted largely in men and money toward the cause of the 




"ELM WOOD," HOME OF JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL 

Revolution. It has a population of about 27,000, and 
was once famous for its market gardens. 

The tablet ahead, on the right marks the site of 
the Black Horse Tavern, where the Committee of 
Safety met in 1775. Reaching Arlington Centre we 
pass the granite monument, on the right, erected in 



23 



memory of the men of Arlington who lost their lives 
in the Civil War. 

The building on the right is the old Cooper 
Tavern, beside which Jabez Wyman and Jason Win- 
ship were killed by British soldiers, April 19, 1775. 

The road entering the square, on the right, is the 
original one over which Paul Revere returned to the 
county road, after passing through Charlestown, Som- 
erville and Medford. From here we follow the route 
taken by Paul Revere. 

On the left is the third church of the First Parish 
of Arlington, organized in 1733. 

The tablet in front of the church marks the spot 
where the old men of Menotomy captured a convoy of 
18 British soldiers with supplies intended for the Brit- 
ish at Lexington. 

Close by is the Robbins Memorial Library and the 
new Town Hall, given by the Robbins heirs. 

The bronze statue represents the "Indian Hunter." 
It is the work of Cyrus Dallin, who resides in this town. 

The tablet on the sidewalk, to the left, marks the 
site of the house of Jason Russell, where he and 11 
ether Americans were captured, disarmed and killed 
by the retreating British, April 19, 1775. 

On the right is the Arlington High School, which 
stands in the geographical centre of the town. 

At the bend in the road, on the right, is the house 
occupied by Francis Locke, who was aroused by Paul 
Revere, April 18, 1775. 

The next point of interest is the "Foot of the 
Rocks." The tablet on the boulder is in memory of 
Henry Wellington, who was a commissioned officer 
in the War of 1812. 



24 



We now reach Arlington Heights and soon will 
cross the boundary line of Arlington and Lexington. 

Lexington was settled in 1640 and was formerly 
a parish of Cambridge, known as Cambridge Farms, 
incorporated in 1713, and has today a population of 
about 6000. 

Next is the old East Lexington Burying Ground, 
dating back to 1695. 

The small tablet in the square, to the left, marks 
the spot where Benjamin Wellington, a Lexington 
Minute Man, was captured and disarmed by the Brit- 
ish soldiers in the early morning of April 19, 1775. 

The frame building with the columns, on the right, 
was once Emerson Hall. Here Ralph Waldo Emerson 
and Dr. Follen preached, before the construction of the 
Follen Unitarian church, which is just beyond. 

The house on the lawn, to the right, was the home 
of Jonathan Harrington, the last survivor of the battle 
of Lexington, born here in 1756, and died in 1854, at 
\he age of 98. He was the youngest of the American 
patriots at the battle of Lexington and was at Lafay- 
ette's reception in 1824. 

The large elm tree ahead, on the right, was 
planted by the father of the last survivor of the battle 
of Lexington, in 1732. It was planted the same year 
that George Washington was born. 

The house on the left, known as the Munroe 
Tavern, was built in 1695, and was used as headquar- 
ters and hospital by Earl Percy on April 19, 1775. 
Washington was entertained here Nov. 15, 1789, on 
his last New England tour. 

Beside the roadway, on the left, a small tablet 
under the tree marks the spot where Earl Percy burned 

25 



several buildings, and on the hill to the south he 
Planted one of his field pieces, commanding the ap- 
proaches to the village. Earl Percy was sent out from 
Boston by Gen. Gage with reinforcements, numbering 
about 1000, to cover the retreat of Major Pitcairn from 
Concord bridge. He met the retreating British on 
these hills, known as the hills of East Lexington, and 
here the British made their first successful stand of 
the day. It has been admitted by the British that if 
they had not been reinforced here, none of them would 
have reached Boston alive. As it was, the British loss 
during the day was 65 killed, 176 wounded and 27 
missing; while the American loss was 49 killed, 36 
wounded and five missing. 

The stone cannon on the lawn of the Lexington 
High School, on the right, marks the location of 
another of Earl Percy's field pieces. Several shots were 
fired from this cannon, one of them penetrating the 
meeting house on Lexington Green. 

The red brick building ahead, on the right, is the 
Town Hall of Lexington, where Henry Sandham's fa- 
mous painting of the battle, entitled "The Dawn of 
Liberty," is on exhibition. 

We now approach the Village Green, where the 
battle of Lexington occurred. Paul Revere, on the 
night of his famous ride, took the first road on the 
right, to the Hancock-Clarke house, where Samuel 
Adams and John Hancock were sleeping that night. 
A price had been set on the heads of these "arch- 
rebels," who, in fear of being captured by Gen. Gage 
if they returned to Boston, were secretly stopping at 
the parsonage of the Lexington minister, Jonas Clark, 

26 



after the adjourning of the First Provincial Congress 
in Concord. Arousing Hancock and Adams, Revere 
returned to the Village Green and rang the bell which 
hung in the belfry tower, where the boulder now rests, 
to the right. Joined here by William Dawes, of Bos- 
ton, and Dr. Samuel Prescott, of Concord, he made his 
way over the old road toward Concord. The Minute 




LEXINGTON GREEN, MONUMENT AND BOULDER 

Men assembled soon after the alarm was rung, but the 
British not being in sight, they were disbanded and 
adjourned to the old Buckman Tavern, the building 
seen among the trees on the right, and there they spent 
the remainder of the night. They reassembled on the 
Green at 6 o'clock on the morning of the 19th, and 
took up their line of battle, from the large boulder on 
the Green to the mound and monument. On reaching 



27 



the Green, the British soldiers found the Americans 
arranged in line of battle. The Minute Men num- 
bered about 70, while the British, headed by Major Pit- 
cairn, numbered nearly 800. Pitcairn, dashing into 
the centre of the Minute Men, exclaimed, "Disperse, ye 
damn Yankee Dogs! Lay down your arms!" An 
officer fired his pistol into the face of one of the Minute 
Men, killing him on the spot. Then there was a 
general firing from along the line of the British on the 
road, and eight Americans were killed. The British 
then hastened to Concord. Directly ahead is the 

large bronze statue of Capt. John Parker, who com- 
manded the Lexington Minute Men. The statue was 
designed by H. H. Kitson, of Boston, and unveiled April 
19, 1900, by Capt. Parker's grandson. It surmounts 
a drinking fountain and was presented to the town by 
Francis Brown Hayes. 

Pulpit Rock, on the Green, marks the site of the 
first meeting houses in Lexington, all of which were 
destroyed by fire. 

The large boulder marks the "line of the Minute 
Men." Inscribed thereon is the famous command of 
Captain Parker: "Stand your ground. Don't fire 
unless fired upon, but if they mean to have war let it 
begin here." 

The ivy covered monument, on the right, was 
erected in memory of the eight men killed on Lex- 
ington Green, and it is the oldest memorial to the 
Revolution in the United States. It was erected in 
1799. The inscription on the monument was written 
by the Rev. Jonas Clark, who was pastor at Lexing- 
ton at the time of the battle, and reads as follows: 

28 



Sacred to Liberty & the Rights of mankind 

The Freedom & Independence of America 

Sealed & defended with the blood of her sons 

This monument is erected 

By the inhabitants of Lexington 

Under the patronage & at the expense of 

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts 

To the memory of their Fellow Citizens 

Ensign Robert Munroe, Messrs. Jonas Parker, Caleb 

Harrington, Samuel Hadley, Jonathan Harrington and 

John Brown 

Of Lexington & Asahel Porter of Woburn 

Who fell on this field, the first Victims to the 

Sword of British Tyranny & Oppression 

On the morning of the ever memorable 

Nineteenth of April An Dom 1775 

The Die was cast 

The Blood of these Martyrs 

in the cause of God & their Country 

Was the Cement of the Union of these States, then 

Colonies & gave the spring to the Spirit, Firmness 

And Resolution of their Fellow Citizens 

They rose as one man to revenge their brethren's 

Blood & at the point of the sword, to assert & 

Defend their native Rights 

They nobly dar'd to be free! ! 

The contest was long, bloody & affecting 

Righteous Heaven approved the solemn appeal; 

Victory crowned their arms; and 

The Peace, Liberty & Independence of the United 

States of America, was their glorious Reward. 

Built in the year 1799 

29 



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The Meeting House, on the left, is the fourth 
church of the first parish of Lexington. The top step 
of this church is on a level with the top of Bunker Hill 
monument, which is 221 feet in height. 

The white house, on the left, was the old home of 
Jonathan Harrington, who, wounded on the common 
by the British, dragged himself to the door and died at 
his wife's feet. 

The next building, on the left, is known as His- 
toric Hall. It was built in 1828, as the Lexington 
Academy. Here, on July 4, 1839, was opened the 
first normal school in America, with three pupils. 

We are now on Hancock street, and in a few min- 
utes we make a stop at the "Hancock-Clarke House," 
erected in 1698 and enlarged in 1734. It was here 
John Hancock and Samuel Adams were spending the 
night when aroused by Paul Revere on his famous 
side. This was the home of Rev. John Hancock, for 
55 years and of his successor, the Rev. Jonas Clark, for 
50 years. The house is owned by the Lexington His- 
torical Society, and is opened daily, 9.30 to 5; Sun- 
day, 2 to 4. 

The last point of interest in Lexington is Rally 
Bluff. Here, on their retreat from Concord Bridge, 
the British officers endeavored to rally their men, but 
after a sharp fight they were driven from the hill in 
great confusion by the Americans and retreated to 
Fiske hill beyond. 

We now enter North Lincoln. The large tablet, 
on the right, marks the place where Paul Revere was 
captured by the British scouts. Inscribed on the tablet 
is the following: 



31 



"At this point, on the old Concord road, as it was 
then, ended the midnight ride of Paul Revere. He 
had at about 2 o'clock of the morning of April 19, 
1775, the night being clear, and the moon in its third 
quarter, got thus far on his way from Lexington to 
Concord, alarming the inhabitants as he went, when 




"ORCHARD HOUSE," HOME OF LOUISA MAY ALCOTT 

he and his companions William Dawes of Boston and 
Dr. Samuel Prescott of Concord, were suddenly halted 
by a British patrol who had stationed themselves at 
the bend of the road. Dawes turning back made his 
escape, Prescott clearing the stone wall and following 



32 



a path known to him through the low ground, regained 
the highway at a point further on and gave the alarm 
at Concord. Revere tried to reach the neighboring 
wood but was intercepted by a party of officers accom- 
panying the patrol, detained and kept in arrest. Pres- 
ently he was carried by the patrol back to Lexington 
and there released and that morning joined Hancock 




"WAYSIDE," THE HOME OF HAWTHORNE 



and Adams. Three men of Lexington, Sanderson, 
Brown and Loring stopped at an earlier hour of the 
night by the same patrol, were also taken back with 
Revere." 

We now enter the town limits of Concord. Con- 



cord was settled in 1635, five years after Boston, and 
is the oldest English town in America settled above 
tide water. On the right is Merriam's Corner. The 
tablet on the corner reads as follows: 

"The British troops, retreating from the Old 
North Bridge were here attacked in flank by the men 
of Concord and neighboring towns, and driven under a 
hot fire to Charlestown." 

On our right is the Grapevine cottage, the home 
of Ephraim Wales Bull, the originator of the Concord 
grape. Beside the cottage, under the trellis, may be 
seen the first Concord grape vine, planted in 1849. 

Next, on our right, is "The Wayside," where 
Hawthorne spent the last 12 years of his life. Here 
he wrote "Tanglewood Tales," "Septimus Felton" and 
the "Marble Faun." The "Wayside" is now owned 
by Mrs. Lothrop, widow of the Boston publisher, Dan- 
iel Lothrop. She, under the pen name of Margaret 
Sidney, wrote "The Five Little Peppers and How They 
Grew." 

The boulder in the woods, on the right, marks 
Hawthorne's favorite path to the Crow's Nest, which 
he had constructed in a mammoth pine tree on the top 
of the hill. The outer row of trees are English larches 
and were imported by Hawthorne from Liverpool 
when he was United States Consul to that port. Next 
on the right is the "Orchard House," the home of 
Louisa May Alcott. Here she wrote "Little Men and 
Little Women." The two large trees in front of the 
house she called her "Sentinel trees," beneath which 
she wrote many of her works. 

Looking through the trees, on the right, the small 

34 



wooden building is the School of Philosophy, estab- 
lished by Amos Bronson Alcott in 1879. 

The next house was the home of Dr. Samuel Pres- 
cott, who accompanied Paul Revere on his famous ride 
and who gave the alarm in Concord. 

Over to the left, among the pines, is Lake Walden, 
on the shores of which Thoreau built his hut and wrote 
his famous book, ''Walden." 

The white house among the trees, on the left, was 
the home of Ralph Waldo Emerson, America's great- 
est philosopher, for 47 years. Here he wrote most of 
his works. The lower right hand corner room was his 
library and study. The room is in the same condition 
in which the author left it. He died in the upper left 
hand corner room in 1882. The house was the home 
of his daughter, Miss Ellen Emerson, until she died, in 
February, 1909. It is now owned by Dr. Edward 
Emerson and is occupied by Concord school teachers. 

The next building, on our right, is the home of the 
Concord Antiquarian Society. One room is devoted 
exclusively to Thoreau relics. Here also is the sword 
of Col. James Barrett, who led the fight at the bridge. 

The meeting house, on the left, is the second 
church of the first parish of Concord, built in 1900 to 
replace the old building, which was built in 1712, and 
burned to the ground, April 12, 1900. This structure 
is an exact reproduction of the first church. In the 
old church was held the First Provincial Congress of 
Delegates from the towns of Massachusetts. This 
assembly was held on Oct. 11, 1774, with John Han- 
cock as president. By its acts it paved the way for 
the Revolution and organized the militia companies 

35 



that were afterward called ''Minute Men," from the 
wording of the clause which stated that they were to 
be ready for war at a minute's notice. 

Next to the church is the old Wright Tavern, 
built in 1747. On the 19th of April, 1775, it was the 
headquarters of the British officers. Here Major Pit- 
cairn made his famous boast, while stirring his toddy, 




HOME OF RALPH WALDO EMERSON 

that he would "stir the blood of thed Yankees that 

day." It is now the property of the First Parish 
church, that it may be preserved and always kept as a 
tavern. This house is well worth a short visit, for 



36 



here, in addition to its historic relics, including the 
original bar, are the following legends: 

'The legend tells that in this house 

The silver of the church 
Was hidden in a keg of soap 

Away from British search, 
Certain it is her ancient creed 

So guarded sacred things, 
That to her solemn verities 

No 'soft soap' ever clings." 

"One Brown once kept the Tavern Wright, 

and a brave man was he, 
For in the Boston Tea Party, he helped to 

pour the tea. 
This fact is chiselled on his stone, and grave 

stones never lie, 
But always speak the living truth just as do 

you and I." 

On the right is the old hill burying ground, the 
oldest cemetery in the town, containing the remains of 
early settlers of Concord, and many of the patriots of 
the Revolution. The oldest headstone with a date that 
is legible is 1677. Adjoining the cemetery is St. Ber- 
nard's church. 

We now enter Monument square. The large 
granite monument was erected in memory of the Con- 
cord men who lost their lives in the Civil War. 

The large elm tree in the square, on the right, is 
known as the Town Elm, under which the townspeople 
held their meetings during the Revolution. Here the 

37 



Reverend William Emerson addressed the Minute Men 
on the morning of April 19, 1775, exhorting them to 
stand firm for their liberty. On April 19, 1812, Dr. 
William Emerson, a son of the former, addressed the 
Concord soldiers before their departure for the second 
war with Great Britain. April 19, 1861, just 49 years 
later, Ralph Waldo Emerson addressed the Concord 
soldiers under the tree before their departure for the 
South, and April 19, 1898, on the eve of the Spanish- 
American War, Dr. Edward Emerson addressed the 
departing soldiers, and once more, in 1917, he per- 
formed the same patriotic duty. 

The large boulder on the end of the Green, to the 
left, was erected in memory of three Concord young 
men who lost their lives in the invasion of Porto Rico. 

The Colonial Inn was used as a store in 1775, and 
the capturing of these stores was one of the objects 
of the British expedition to Concord. One end of the 
house was once the home of the Thoreau family. 

Proceeding along Monument street, over which 
the British Soldiers marched on their way to the 
North Bridge, the yellow house, on the right, is 
the Elisha Jones house, built in 1644, better known as 
the house with the bullet hole. In the ell of the house 
may be seen a bullet hole made by a British soldier 
retreating from the North Bridge. "The glass was 
placed over the hole to prevent tourists from carrying 
the hole away." 

Nearly opposite the Jones house is the old manse, 
made famous by Hawthorne's "Mosses from an Old 
Manse." The house was built in 1764 for the Rev. 
William Emerson, the grandfather of Ralph Waldo 



38 



Emerson. Here Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote "Na- 
ture." Nathaniel Hawthorne lived here from 1842 
to 1846. In his opening chapters of "The Mosses 
from an Old Manse" Hawthorne gives a fine descrip- 
tion of the interior, as well as the surroundings, mak- 
ing special mention of the two mammoth gate posts 




"OLD MANSE," WHERE HAWTHORNE WROTE "MOSSES 
FROM AN OLD MANSE" 

of rough hewn stone, as well as the avenue of trees. 
The Rev. William Emerson, after addressing the men 
under the town elm, retired to his study in the old 
manse and prayed that there be no blood shed, when 
he was roused from his prayers by the firing of mus- 



39 



ketry. Looking out of the study window he saw the 
red coats retreating from the causeway carrying with 
them several of the wounded British soldiers, leaving 
two of their dead comrades behind them. 

We now enter the battle ground of Concord, next 
to Plymouth Rock the most sacred spot in America. 




BATTLE MONUMENT AND NORTH BRIDGE, CONCORD 

"Here on the 19th of April, 1775, was made the first 
forcible resistance to British aggression. On the op- 
posite bank stood the American militia. "Here stood 
the invading army, and on this spot the first of the 
enemy fell in the war of that Revolution which gave 
independence to these United States. In gratitude tc 



40 



God and in the love of Freedom this monument was 
erected in 1836." 

Beside the monument, near the stone wall, are the 
graves of the two British soldiers killed by the first fire 
of the Minute Men. 

On the opposite bank of the Concord river is the 
statue of the Minute Man, marking the position of 
the Americans. "This statue, considered one of the 
finest bronze statues in America, was designed by 
Daniel C. French, and moulded from cannon that were 
used in the War of 1812. It was unveiled on April 
19, 1875, on the 100th anniversary of the Concord 
fight, by Gen. Grant, then President of the United 
States, his Cabinet and the Governors of the six New 
England States being present. 

"The oration of the day was delivered by George 
William Curtis, an address was made by Ralph Waldo 
Emerson and a poem read by James Russell Lowell. 
The inscription on the base is one of the stanzas of 
Emerson's 'Concord Hymn,' and follows: 

"By the rude bridge that 

arched the flood, 
Their flag to April's 

breeze unfurled, 
Here once the embattled 

farmer stood, 
And fired the shot heard 

round the world. 

"The Minute Man speaks not to Americans only, 
but he speaks to the whole race of men in all times 

41 



and all places. He stands there as the universal em- 
bodiment of human freedom. He represents the ever- 
lasting protest of mankind against tyranny and op- 
pression. If those mute lips and that heroic attitude 
say anything, they say this, which, in feeble and less 
articulate tones, men have been trying to say through- 
out all the ages, that the individuel life is God-given 
and inviolate." 



42 







MINUTE MAN, CONCORD 

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